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All over the world people say that if when a meteor or falling star darts across the sky they can utter a wish before it disappears, that wish will be granted
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This process is actually still going on before our eyes
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First among the heroic godlings is Hanumân, "He of the large jaws," or, as he is generally called, Mahâbîr, the "great hero," the celebrated monkey chief of the Râmâyana, who assisted Râma in his campaign against the giant Râvana to recover Sîtâ
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All the people assemble, and two men, known as the Mattiwâh and the Pattiwâh, "the earth man" and "the leaf man," who represent the gods of the soil and of the trees, soon become filled with the spirit and are found to be possessed by the local deities
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It would not suit him to have the local ghosts brought under any control, because he makes his living by doing the periodical services to propitiate them
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It is a commonplace of folk-lore and the beliefs of all savage races that disease and death are not the result of natural causes, but are the work of devils and demons, witchcraft, the Evil Eye, and so forth
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These deities sometimes become displeased for no apparent reason, sometimes because their accustomed worship is neglected, and sometimes through the malignity of some witch
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So she made a pilgrimage to Hardwâr, and thence set off to visit the holy shrines situated in the upper course of the Ganges
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This has obviously passed through the mill of Brâhmanism
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The people on all sides were ready by force to arrest the progress of these nocturnal visitors
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In the western districts of the North-Western Provinces the rite takes a more advanced form
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In Gujarât, among the wilder tribes, the belief prevails that cholera is caused by old women who feed on the corpses of the victims of the pestilence
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The number of these charms is legion, and most exorcisers have one of their own in which they place special confidence and which they are unwilling to disclose
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A few examples of the formulæ used by the village "cunning man" may be given here
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When the Ojha is called in to identify the demon which has beset a patient, he begins by ascertaining whether it is a local ghost or an outsider which has attacked him on a journey
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He takes some barley in a sieve, which as we shall see is a very powerful fetish, and shakes it until only a few grains are left in the interstices
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In Hoshangâbâd the Bhomka sorcerer has a handful of grain waved over the head of the sick man
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So in Bombay among the Marâthas the worship of the chief goddess of the Dakkhin, Tuljâ Bhavânî, is celebrated by a set of dancing devotees, called Gondhalis, whose leader becomes possessed by the goddess
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While the sorcerer by virtue of his profession is generally respected and feared, in some places they have been dealt with rather summarily
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The mode of succession to the dignity of an Ojha varies in different places
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The question naturally arises--Are all these Ojhas and Baigas conscious hypocrites and swindlers?
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Hartland is inclined to think that the rags represent entire articles of clothing which were at an earlier time deposited, and on the analogy of the habit of the witch of getting hold of some part of the body, such as nail-cuttings and so on, by which she may
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If the fowl eats the grain, there is great rejoicing, as it implies that the spirit has quietly taken up its residence in the house
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ample of the popular form of ancestor-worship is given by General Sleeman:--"Râma Chandra, the Pandit, said that villages which had been held by old Gond proprietors were more liable than others to visitation from local ghosts, that it was easy to say what vil
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A few examples of modern deification may be given to illustrate this phase of the popular faith
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He pleaded in vain to the wicked Râja for reparation, and at last he and his wife starved themselves to death at the gate of the fort
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Another instance of the same type may be given from Râjputâna
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Miraculously, as so many of these saints do, he gave two sons to one Gannu of Multân and married his daughter
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He is also known as Pîr-i-Dastgîr, Pîr-i-'Azam, Ghaus-ul-'Azam, and was born in 1078 A.D., and died at Bâghdâd
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The worst part of the matter is that there is no official controller of the right to deification, no Advocatus Diaboli to dispute the claims of the candidate to celestial honours
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Hence arises the possibility that in the temporary absence of a man's soul his body may be occupied by some other person's spirit, or even by a malignant ghost or demon
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It is a common incident of the folk-tales that the soul departs in a dream and falls in love with a girl
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The rustic Hindu firmly believes that in the absence of a man's proper soul in a dream his body is occupied by some strange and consequently malignant ghost
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This is one of his special wants which deprive the spirit of his longed-for rest
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If in Bombay "a Mahâdeo Koli widow bride or her husband sicken, it is considered the work of the former husband
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Begone with the bone!" [484] At a Gond wedding, the old man who officiates knocks the heads of the bride and bridegroom together to scare the evil spirits, [485] and at a Hindu marriage in Northern India the mother of the youth, as he leaves to fetch his bride
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Hence no Bengâli, except for a considerable bribe, will talk about fish at night
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Vetâla, or Baitâl, their leader, is familiar to everyone in the tales of the Baitâl Pachîsi
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Next comes the Pisâcha, which, as we have seen, is by one account only a stage in the progress of the soul to its final rest
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The Râkshasa again, a word that means "the harmer" or "the destroyer," is of the ogre-vampire type
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Râkshasas are developed even in these prosaic days of ours
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We have already mentioned the Brahm or malignant Brâhman ghost
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Thus, at Faizâbâd, the country people point out a portion of the Queen's highway along which they will not pass at night
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modern Italian Lemuri are the spirits of the churchyard and represent the Lemures or Larvæ, the unhappy ghosts of those who have died evil deaths or under a ban, to which there are innumerable allusions in the Latin writers
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Tola is a sort of "Will-o'-the-Wisp" in the Hills
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He is the ghost of some one who was killed in hunting
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holy heights dedicated to various divinities
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I asked the Superintendent of the Dudhi Estate, who was with me, to explain the reason
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