Research sourcePublished 1898
Not to trouble ourselves (3) with 'voices,' hallucinations of sight, coinciding with a distant unknown crisis, are traced from a mere feeling that somebody is in the room, followed by a mental, or mind's eye picture of a person dying at a distance, up to a kin
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1898
As Professor William James remarks, in his 'Principles of Psychology,' such solitary hallucinations of the sane and healthy, once in a life-time, are difficult to account for, and are by no means rare
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1898
s later science produced any rational and intelligible explanation of collective hallucinations, shared by several persons at once, and perhaps not perceived by others who are present
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1898
But we may believe in such 'death-wraiths,' or hallucinatory appearances of the dying, without being either savages or spiritualists
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1898
I looked up, and saw bending over me the well-known form of my uncle, whom I supposed to be at the Bay of Islands
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There remains a normal cause of subjective hallucinations, expectancy
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Tylor says: 'The spiritualistic theory specially insists on cases of apparitions, where the person's death corresponds more or less nearly with the time when some friend perceives his phantom.' But visionaries, he remarks truly, often see phantoms of living pe
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What, then, is the cause of the belief that a phantom of a man is a token of his death?
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But the circumstance, already noted, that an Australian lad became a wizard on the strength of having seen a phantasm of his dead mother, proves that such experiences are not common; and Australian black fellows have admitted that they, for their part, never d
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1898
As a rule, so far as our information goes, it is not recognised phantasms of the dead, in waking vision, which corroborate the savage belief in the persistence of the spirit of the departed
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All these and similar phenomena the savage explains by the hypothesis that an alien spirit--perhaps a demon, perhaps a ghost, or a god--has taken possession of the patient
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It is superfluous to multiply instances of this world-wide belief, so freely illustrated in the New Testament, and in trials for witchcraft
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The latter account exactly describes Mrs
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e result is to make me feel as absolutely certain as I am of any personal fact in the world that she knows things in her trances which she cannot possibly have heard in her waking state, and that the definitive philosophy of her trances is yet to be found
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Is the idea that, by loosing the bonds, the seer demonstrates the agency of spirits, after the manner of the Davenport Brothers?[28] But the Graeco-Egyptian medium did not undo the swathings of linen, in which he was rolled, like a mummy
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The binding may originally have been meant to keep the corpse, or ghost, from 'walking.' I do not know that Tahitian prophets were ever tied up, to await inspiration
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These objects may be held sacred in some degree for a number of incongruous reasons
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We may lean to the belief in a supernormal cause of certain hallucinations, but the alleged movements of inanimate objects which probably supply one origin of Fetishism, one suggestion of the presence of a spirit in things dead, leave the inquiring mind in per
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rwin saw two Malay women in Keeling Island, who held a wooden spoon dressed in clothes like a doll: this spoon had been carried to the grave of a dead man, and becoming inspired at full moon, in fact lunatic, it danced about convulsively, like a table or a hat
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Has fetishism one of its origins in the actual field of supernormal experience in the X region?
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Codrington found a similar practice, and here the sticks are explicitly said by the natives to be moved by spirits.[5] The wizard and a friend hold a bamboo stick by each end, and ask what man's ghost is afflicting a patient
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Tylor also cites a form of the familiar pendulum experiment
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Among all these cases, we must dismiss whatever the modern paid medium does in the dark
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1898
If we may infer from certain considerations, the supernormal experiences were possibly more prevalent among the remote ancestors of known savage races than among their modern descendants
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Herbert Spencer's system they seem to be almost omitted
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His morality is so much above the ordinary savage standard that he regards the slaying of a stranger and an enemy, caught redhanded in robbery, as a sin
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Next, Fitzroy did not think that the Fuegians believed in a future life
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Herbert Spencer, for example, underrates the nature of Australian religion
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There are two currents, the religious and the mythical, flowing together through religion
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mythical ancestors,' of the 'alcheringa, or dream-times,' were celebrated; these real or ideal human beings appear to 'sink their identity in that of the object with which they are associated, and from which they are supposed to have originated.' There appear
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1898
The distinction between the Australian deity, at his highest power, unpropitiated by sacrifice, and the ordinary, waning, easily forgotten, cheaply propitiated ghost of a tribesman, is essential
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A ghost is said, by anthropologists, to have developed into a god
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Adam is the mythical first ancestor of the Hebrews, but he died, [Greek: uper moron], and was not worshipped
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Now, ghost-worship and dead ancestor-worship are impossible before the ancestor is dead and is a ghost
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It is part of my theory that the more popular ghost-worship of souls of people whom men have loved, invaded the possibly older religion of the Supreme Father
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They are, like the easy Epicurean Gods, nihil indiga nostri
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Deities of the higher sort, by the very nature of savage reflections on death and on its non-original casual character, are prior, or may be prior, or cannot be shown not to be prior, to the ghost theory--the alleged origin of religion
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s impossible to point out any method by which low, chiefless, non-polytheistic, non-metaphysical savages (if any such there be) evolved out of ghosts the eternal beings who made the world, and watch over morality: as the people themselves unanimously distingui
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It may be retorted that this makes no real difference
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For long these natives were the joy of emancipated inquirers as the 'godless Andamanese.' They only supply Mr
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This distinction, ghost on one side--original being, not a man, not a ghost of a man, on the other--is radical and nearly universal in savage religion
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Mana is the uncanny, is X, the unknown
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er-images; that the soul is the complex of all of these nunuai; that there is in the universe a kind of magical other, called mana, possessed, in different proportions, by different men, Vui, tamate, and material objects, and that the atai or ataro of a man de
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1898
The Supreme Being, if we can apply the term to him, is Ndengei, or Degei, 'who seems to be an impersonation of the abstract idea of eternal existence.' This idea is not easily developed out of the conception of a human soul which has died into a ghost and may
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The idea of primeval Eternal Beings, as understood by savages, does not depend on, or require, the ghost theory
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1898
Im Thurn, however, dilates on the dream origin of the ghost theory, giving examples from his own knowledge of the difficulty with which Guiana Indians discern the hallucinations of dreams from the facts of waking life
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1898
These considerations, however unpleasant to the devotees of Animism, or the ghost theory, are not, in themselves, illogical, nor contradictory of the theory of evolution, which, on the other hand, fits them perfectly well
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1898
Beyond all doubt, savages who find themselves under the watchful eye of a moral deity whom they cannot 'square' will desert him as soon as they have evolved a practicable ghost-god, useful for family purposes, whom they can square
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