Archive case recordNineteenth-century Nile travel literature · Nile Valley, Egypt
Victorian Nile travel writing contains recurring stories of uncanny boats, deserted dahabiyas, spectral rowers, and night encounters on the river. These narratives are relevant to transport-apparition comparison because they combine practical dangers—shoals, f
Read record →Archive case recordLate Pleistocene and early Holocene; pre-Clovis dates disputed · Avella, Pennsylvania
Meadowcroft Rockshel is a deeply stratified rockshel containing lithic material, charcoal, faunal remains, and later occupations. Excavators reported dates potentially predating Clovis, making the site central to debates about the antiquity of humans in easter
Read record →Archive case recordLongstanding southern African belief tradition; documented in colonial-era ethnography · Southern Africa, especially South Africa, Lesotho, Eswatini, and Zimbabwe
Tokoloshe is a name used in several southern African traditions for a dangerous, mischievous, or magically deployed being. Descriptions differ by language, community, gendered context, and religious setting; some modern accounts emphasize a small humanoid crea
Read record →Archive case record2004–2005 · Off Southern California
Accounts connected with the USS Princeton describe repeated anomalous radar tracks and unusual airborne objects during the carrier group’s 2004 training period, with some narratives extending into surrounding exercises. This lead is distinct from the best-know
Read record →Archive case record1932 · Sudan and South Sudan
C. G. and Brenda Z. Seligman’s The Pagan Tribes of the Nilotic Sudan compares religious traditions, social structures, and ritual among several Nilotic peoples. It is a useful documentary lead for tracking sky beings, rain, thunder, lightning, fire, and lumino
Read record →Archive case record1980s · East Gippsland, Victoria, Australia
East Gippsland generated a notable concentration of reports about a supposed large cat during the 1980s, including sightings by bush travelers and rural residents and attempts to interpret tracks or prey remains. The cluster can be compared with other Australa
Read record →Archive case record2017–2019 · Puerto Rico, especially rural municipalities and San Juan
Following Hurricane Maria in September 2017, Puerto Rico experienced widespread uncertainty, infrastructure failure and communication disruption. Rumors about missing people, contaminated supplies, government concealment and supernatural or ghostly experiences
Read record →Archive case record1860s–1871 · London
Georgiana Houghton produced highly colored abstract drawings that she understood as guided by spirits, and exhibited them in London in 1871. Her work offers an identifiable case of nineteenth-century automatic or inspired art, linking mediumship, symbolic syst
Read record →Archive case record1750s · Norwegian coastal waters
Pontoppidan’s discussions of Norwegian sea serpents include accounts attributed to clergy, sailors, and coastal residents, including the bishop’s own network of informants. This lead is useful for studying authority, hearsay, and the conversion of local report
Read record →Archive case record1858 onward · Paris
The Société Parisienne des Études Spirites, associated with Allan Kardec and established in Paris in 1858, institutionalized regular meetings, mediumistic communications, and publication of Spiritist material. It provides a concrete setting for studying how al
Read record →Archive case record1900–1937 · Calcutta (Kolkata), Bengal
Jagadish Chandra Bose conducted pioneering experiments in radio waves, millimeter-wave optics and plant physiology, establishing a highly identifiable scientific context in colonial Calcutta. Later popular discussions sometimes connect early wireless experimen
Read record →Archive case record15th century · Southern Germany; manuscript in Munich
The manuscript commonly called the Munich Manual of Demonic Magic is a fifteenth-century Latin collection of conjurations, prayers, ritual instructions, and procedures involving spirits, divination, and practical aims. It is useful for comparing learned cleric
Read record →Archive case recordCompiled in the 14th century CE · Ethiopian Christian literary tradition
The Kebra Nagast, compiled in Ge’ez in the fourteenth century, combines biblical, apocryphal, Solomonic, and Ethiopian royal traditions. Its references to serpents, dragons, and monstrous imagery are relevant as textual evidence for how sacred history and crea
Read record →Archive case record2018 onward · Uintah County, Utah
Thomas Winterton, associated with later investigations at Skinwalker Ranch, has described unusual lights, apparent entities, injuries, and experiences interpreted as connected to activity on the property. His statements appear in interviews and television cove
Read record →Archive case record1967 · Rosenheim, Bavaria, Germany
At a lawyer’s office in Rosenheim, reports included unexplained telephone calls, electrical irregularities, moving objects and damaged fixtures. Physicist John G. F. Zöllner and parapsychologist Hans Bender became associated with investigations, while later di
Read record →Archive case record1959 · Northern Ural Mountains, near Kholat Syakhl
Nine Soviet hikers died during a winter expedition in the northern Urals, producing a durable mystery narrative involving damaged tents, unusual clothing choices and incomplete early records. The case is relevant to missing-time and altered-state comparisons b
Read record →Archive case record2010 onward · Tibet, Nepal, and Tibetan exile communities
Contemporary Bön institutions preserve and teach visionary, tantric, funerary, and treasure-revelation traditions such as the Zhang Zhung Nyengyü. These materials are useful for comparing revealed scripture, lineage authentication, ritual technologies, and the
Read record →Archive case record1528–1536; published 1542 · Gulf Coast and interior of present-day Texas and northern Mexico
Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca’s Naufragios recounts the failed Narváez expedition, survival among Indigenous communities, and unusual experiences during travel across the Gulf Coast and Southwest. Some UFO literature associates passages about lights, marvels, or
Read record →Archive case record1830s–1850s · Tonga
The conversion of the Tongan ruler Taufaʻahau, later King George Tupou I, is described in Wesleyan and Tongan historical traditions as part of the transformation of Tonga’s religious and political order. Accounts include contests between Christian missionaries
Read record →Archive case record2020s · Melbourne and other Australian clinical centres
Australian clinical research groups have investigated psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy and related psychedelic interventions for depression and other psychiatric conditions. These trials matter for consciousness research because they operationalise mystical e
Read record →Archive case record1982 · Morocco
Kevin Dwyer’s Moroccan Dialogues presents extended conversations and social interpretations from Morocco, including material relevant to jinn, unseen agency, illness, and everyday explanations of unusual experience. It can serve as a comparative lead for how a
Read record →Archive case recordEarly modern folklore; 19th–20th century reports · The Alps, especially Switzerland, Austria, Bavaria, and northern Italy
Tatzelwurm is an Alpine dragon-like or short-bodied creature in regional folklore and later eyewitness literature. Descriptions vary from a cat-sized animal with a serpentine body to a reptilian beast with limbs, and alleged photographs have circulated in cryp
Read record →Archive case record1970s–1980s ethnographic and popular documentation · West Africa, especially Hausa-speaking areas of Nigeria and Niger
Bultungin and related Hausa terms refer in some sources to people associated with hyena transformation, witchcraft or specialized social identities. During the period, anthropological and popular literature documented such beliefs, sometimes presenting them in
Read record →Archive case record1970s–1989 · United Kingdom; origins and chronology disputed
The Order of the Nine Angles is an extremist occult current associated with pseudonymous texts, initiatory narratives, Traditional Satanism, and a purportedly long historical lineage. Most accounts place its emergence in the United Kingdom during the 1970s, al
Read record →Archive case record1977–1978 · Colares and Pará, Brazil
Operation Prato was a Brazilian Air Force inquiry into reports of luminous objects and alleged injuries in communities around Colares, Pará, during a period often called the Colares flap. Reports included beams of light, nighttime activity and medical complain
Read record →Archive case recordLate 13th–early 12th century BCE · Egypt, especially Medinet Habu
Egyptian inscriptions under Merneptah and Ramesses III describe conflicts involving groups conventionally called the Sea Peoples, including names such as Peleset, Tjekker, Sherden, and Shekelesh. Reliefs and texts depict battles, migrations, and captured famil
Read record →Archive case recordMing–Qing textual development; earlier motifs · China, especially Hangzhou and West Lake
This Chinese legend concerns a white snake spirit, usually Bai Suzhen, who assumes human form, falls in love with Xu Xian, and is opposed by the Buddhist monk Fahai. Its versions appear in vernacular storytelling, drama, fiction, and later film and television.
Read record →Archive case recordLate eighth–early ninth century CE; identification and urban extent debated · Phnom Kulen, Siem Reap Province
Mahendraparvata is an early Khmer settlement associated with the reign of Jayavarman II and often connected with Phnom Kulen. Airborne laser scanning revealed an extensive planned landscape of roads, embankments, hydraulic features, shrines, and habitation zon
Read record →Archive case record1813 · Northern China, including Beijing and Henan
The Eight Trigrams Rebellion was an 1813 uprising associated with sectarian networks commonly connected to the Tianli or Eight Trigrams teachings. Participants attacked Qing institutions and briefly penetrated the imperial palace in Beijing. Sources describe m
Read record →Archive case record2008 · Cambridge; Arabic intellectual traditions of Egypt, Iraq, Syria and Iran
Manfred Ullmann’s study of the Arabic Hermes traces how Hermes Trismegistus was represented in Islamic-era scientific, philosophical, astrological, and occultizing literature. It offers a strong comparative lead for examining how a figure associated with alche
Read record →Archive case record1990–1991 · Gulf Breeze, Florida
The Gulf Breeze Six refers to a cluster of alleged encounters and abduction-related claims associated with the broader Gulf Breeze UFO milieu in the early 1990s. Accounts involved multiple residents and were discussed by UFO investigators, local media, and ske
Read record →Archive case record1999–2009 · Odisha coastal districts, India
The October 1999 Odisha Super Cyclone caused extensive deaths and displacement. Reports from affected villages reportedly included dreams, voices, and sensed presences attributed to relatives or neighbors lost in the storm, often alongside ritual attempts to r
Read record →Archive case record2010s–2020s folklore and contemporary retellings · Patagonian lakes and rivers of Chile and Argentina
El Cuero is a South American aquatic monster tradition, especially associated with Chilean and Argentine lakes and rivers. It is often described as a hide-like, flattened creature with grasping appendages, though modern accounts vary and may recast it as a lar
Read record →Archive case record1982 · United States hospitals and clinical settings
Cardiologist Michael Sabom’s 1982 book Recollections of Death compared near-death reports from cardiac patients with descriptions of resuscitation procedures. He argued that some accounts appeared more accurate than expected from ordinary observation, making t
Read record →Archive case recordc. 42,000–20,000 years ago · Willandra Lakes, New South Wales
The Lake Mungo burials, especially Lake Mungo 1 and the cremated individual Lake Mungo 3, are among Australia’s most important archaeological finds. They provide evidence for early Aboriginal mortuary practices, mobility, diet, and ritual treatment in a changi
Read record →Archive case record19 September 1976 · Tehran and Mehrabad Air Base
Iranian Air Force personnel reported unusual lights over Tehran, and two F-4 Phantom aircraft were reportedly dispatched from Mehrabad. The case became prominent in UFO literature because the report includes radar observations, attempted interception, and alle
Read record →Archive case record1990–1993 · Cotonou and Ouidah, Benin
Benin’s democratic transition after the 1990 National Conference altered the public relationship between the state and religious traditions, including Vodun institutions and ritual specialists. This is a useful lead for comparing divination as living religious
Read record →Archive case recordNineteenth century · Popocatépetl, central Mexico
Nineteenth-century Mexican descriptions of Popocatépetl sometimes recorded atmospheric lights, apparitions, omens, or unusual forms associated with the volcano. These materials belong to a mixed tradition of Indigenous, colonial, scientific, and travel writing
Read record →Archive case recordTemple tradition of uncertain antiquity; extensively documented in modern ethnography and journalism · Dausa district, Rajasthan
Mehandipur Balaji Temple is a major pilgrimage center associated with Hanuman and with rituals intended to address spirit affliction, possession and other forms of distress. Visitors, temple workers and observers have described intense bodily behavior, chantin
Read record →Archive case record1885 Burton translation; Arabian Nights tale · Legendary Baghdad and surrounding Arab lands
The Arabian Nights story of Sidi Numan, available in nineteenth-century English translations, concerns a husband who discovers his wife’s nocturnal transformation and follows her to a liminal burial-ground setting. His own transformation into a dog and eventua
Read record →Archive case record1990s–2009 tourism and legend circulation · Alwar district, Rajasthan, India
Bhangarh Fort became prominent in Indian and later international haunted-place coverage during the 1990s and 2000s. Popular narratives attribute the site’s abandonment to curses involving a tantric figure and a princess, while reports emphasize an Archaeologic
Read record →Archive case record1994 · Wuchang, Heilongjiang
Chinese UFO literature describes alleged low-level encounters near Phoenix Mountain in Heilongjiang during 1994, commonly associated with forestry workers and reports of a structured object near wooded terrain. Some retellings add unusual beings or occupants,
Read record →Archive case recordNovember 1989–April 1991 · Belgium, including the Ardennes and Brussels region
The Belgian wave involved many reports of large, often triangular objects, with substantial attention following a 30–31 March 1990 episode in which Belgian Air Force F-16s were reportedly directed toward radar targets. SOBEPS investigated the reports and publi
Read record →Archive case record1944 · Philippines
During the major 1944 campaigns in the Philippines, Japanese and local observers encountered heavy air activity, night alerts, and reports of aircraft that could not be identified. Some later narratives describe apparently controlled lights or craft, but the c
Read record →Archive case record1832; expanded editions in the nineteenth century · Society Islands, Cook Islands, Samoa, and wider Polynesia
John Williams’s Polynesian Researches documents missionary travel, conversion campaigns, local religious institutions, sacred objects, priestly roles, and stories concerning gods and spirits. First published in the 1830s, it became a prominent English-language
Read record →Archive case record1904–1909 · Chukotka and northeastern Siberia
Waldemar Bogoras published extensive Chukchi linguistic, ethnographic and mythological materials from the Jesup North Pacific Expedition and related fieldwork. The corpus includes creator beings, animals, shamans, dangerous journeys and stories explaining rela
Read record →Archive case recordMedieval Ethiopian textual tradition · Ethiopian Orthodox Christian communities
Ethiopian versions of the Life of Saint George circulate the widespread dragon-slaying legend in Ge’ez and later manuscript traditions. The dragon episode is a specific, identifiable textual tradition rather than a report of a zoological animal encountered in
Read record →Archive case record1970–1979 · San Francisco and other locations, United States
Anton LaVey’s Church of Satan continued to shape modern Satanism during the 1970s through ritual performances, publications, media appearances, and an emphasis on theatrical symbolism, individualism, and secular self-interest. The group’s rituals drew on cerem
Read record →