Archive case recordlate prehistoric period · Mangaia, Cook Islands
Mangaia is known for distinctive inland landscapes, basalt resources, agricultural features, and archaeological evidence documenting Polynesian settlement and adaptation on a raised coral island. Quarrying and stone-tool production provide a comparative lead f
Read record →Archive case recordConstruction and use from 1910s through 1940s · Montevideo, Uruguay
Castillo Pittamiglio, built by architect and politician Humberto Pittamiglio, is associated with alchemical symbolism, labyrinthine design and occult interpretations. Its unusual architecture encouraged stories about hidden chambers, ritual activity and uncann
Read record →Archive case recordProbably 2nd or 3rd century CE; preserved in Coptic Nag Hammadi Codex V · Nag Hammadi Codex V
The Apocalypse of Adam is framed as Adam’s final instruction to Seth and recounts primordial history, flood traditions, rival human generations, and future salvation associated with a heavenly illuminator. It matters for comparison because it reworks Genesis,
Read record →Archive case record2023 · Canberra, Australian jurisdictions
In 2023 Australia’s Therapeutic Goods Administration announced controlled access to psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression and MDMA for post-traumatic stress disorder through authorised psychiatrists. The decision is a major regional case for examining
Read record →Archive case recordOld Babylonian composition, c. 18th century BCE; older traditions · Mesopotamia
The Atrahasis Epic is an Akkadian composition about creation, labor, population pressure, divine punishment, and a catastrophic flood survived by Atrahasis in a specially built vessel. Its manuscripts provide an important predecessor and parallel to the flood
Read record →Archive case record1974–1980s · Honey Island Swamp, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana
The Honey Island Swamp Monster tradition became widely known through reports associated with hunters, motorists and retired Louisiana wildlife officer Harlan Ford, especially accounts publicized from the 1970s onward. Descriptions usually involve a large, hair
Read record →Archive case record1927–1929 · Folsom, New Mexico, United States
In 1927, George McJunkin’s earlier observations were followed by the discovery of projectile points associated with extinct bison at the Folsom site; controlled excavations in 1929 helped establish that humans occupied North America during the late Pleistocene
Read record →Archive case recordEarly twentieth century, with older oral traditions · Min Min and the Boulia–Winton region, Queensland
The Min Min lights are a well-known Australian light tradition associated with the outback around Min Min, Queensland, and later with roads and pastoral country across western Queensland. Accounts describe distant, mobile lights and have been interpreted vario
Read record →Archive case recordFieldwork published 1973 · Morocco, especially Meknes region
Vincent Crapanzano’s The Hamadsha: A Study in Moroccan Ethnopsychiatry documents possession narratives, saintly mediation, ritual states, and relationships with jinn and other unseen beings among a Moroccan brotherhood. It is relevant to apparition research be
Read record →Archive case record2010 onward · Korea
The gumiho is a Korean fox being, conventionally nine-tailed, that can transform into a beautiful human and is often associated with predation, desire, marriage, or the quest to become fully human. Television dramas since the 2010s have repeatedly revised the
Read record →Archive case record1899 · Oxford; South Asian Sanskrit textual corpus
Monier Monier-Williams’s Sanskrit-English Dictionary, published in 1899, records meanings and textual associations for terms including vimāna. Its treatment is a useful control against later claims that the word uniformly meant a mechanical aircraft. The dicti
Read record →Archive case recordMajor reported panics in Zanzibar from the 1960s, with later recurrences · Zanzibar, especially Pemba and Unguja
Popobawa is a modern Zanzibar spirit or assault legend associated with episodes of fear, reported nocturnal attacks, and collective panic, particularly during recurring periods of political or social stress. It is a valuable case for comparing rumor transmissi
Read record →Archive case record1893–1897 · Canudos, Bahia
Antônio Conselheiro’s community at Canudos developed a millenarian Catholic culture that attracted sertanejo followers and alarmed republican authorities. Reports described prophecy, penitence, miracles, royalist politics and apocalyptic expectations, especial
Read record →Archive case recordc. 2400–1900 BCE; excavated 1950s–1960s · Lothal, Gujarat
Lothal, a Harappan-period settlement in Gujarat, includes a large brick-lined basin widely interpreted as a dockyard or tidal installation. The feature has become central to discussions of Indus maritime trade, hydraulic engineering, and the movement of goods
Read record →Archive case recordPost-independence local tradition; reports not securely dated · Kuldhara, Jaisalmer district, Rajasthan, India
Kuldhara’s abandonment is explained in a tradition involving the Paliwal Brahmins, a predatory official and a curse preventing resettlement. Later visitors and paranormal-tourism accounts describe voices, apparitions and a sense of presence among the ruins. It
Read record →Archive case record2015 · Japan
Kitsune are fox beings in Japanese tradition, often portrayed as capable of transforming into humans, especially women, and as either benevolent, mischievous, or dangerous. Their stories connect animal agency, marriage narratives, possession, Inari worship, an
Read record →Archive case record1993–1998 · Scole, Norfolk, England
The Scole group conducted séances in Norfolk that supporters said produced lights, images, apports, voices, and other physical effects. A Society for Psychical Research team attended and published a cautious report, while skeptics criticized darkness, handling
Read record →Archive case recordMedieval Irish tale; modern studies after 2010 · North Atlantic-style island world
Immram Maele Dúin is an Irish voyage narrative in which a seaborne hero encounters a sequence of extraordinary islands, beasts, moral tests, and liminal landscapes. Its structure has been compared with saintly voyages, classical marvel literature, and later ma
Read record →Archive case record1990–2009 · Exmoor, Devon and Somerset, England
The Beast of Exmoor refers to recurring reports of a black or dark large cat and occasional livestock attacks on Exmoor. Reports continued through the 1990s and 2000s, with local newspapers, natural-history observers and amateur investigators offering competin
Read record →Archive case recordRailway tunnel opened 1867; apparition tradition later recorded · Picton, New South Wales
The disused railway tunnel near Picton, associated with the nineteenth-century Main Southern Railway, has been linked in later folklore to a female apparition, unusual sounds and stories of death or accident. It is a useful comparison with railway hauntings be
Read record →Archive case recordObserved during sixteenth- to eighteenth-century Spanish colonization · Mariana Islands
Latte stone structures were associated with Chamorro houses, chiefly status, and ancestral landscapes before and during Spanish colonization. European observers did not always understand their social or ritual significance, while later archaeology has clarifie
Read record →Archive case record1911 murder; hotel legend developed through later retellings · Mussoorie, Uttarakhand
The Savoy Hotel in Mussoorie became associated with the 1911 death of Frances Garnett-Orme, whose poisoning was investigated in colonial India and later linked in popular accounts to a haunting or ghostly presence. The murder, inquest and literary afterlife ar
Read record →Archive case record1935–1936 · Ayabe, Kyoto Prefecture
The Second Ōmoto Incident was a documented state suppression of the Japanese new religion Ōmoto, whose teachings included revelations attributed to divine and spirit agencies. Police destroyed or confiscated buildings, images, publications, and organizational
Read record →Archive case record1941 · Japanese Pacific coast and home islands
Before and immediately after the Pacific War began, Japanese coastal observers and naval personnel reported unidentified aircraft and lights during a period of intense surveillance. Later UFO histories sometimes treat such reports as possible encounters with u
Read record →Archive case record1607 · Spanish South America, including Peru
The 1607 comet, later recognized as a return of Halley’s Comet, was visible in South America and likely entered colonial chronicle and ecclesiastical reporting. It is a useful lead for investigating how a spectacular but periodic sky object was described befor
Read record →Archive case recordMedieval formation with continuing oral performance and later written versions · Tibet, Inner Asia, Mongolia, and Himalayan regions
The Epic of Gesar of Ling is a large heroic tradition centered on the warrior-king Gesar, preserved through oral performance, manuscripts, printed editions, and recordings across several linguistic communities. It is important for comparing culture heroes, sha
Read record →Archive case record1900–1946 ethnographic and travel accounts · Amazon basin, especially western Brazil
Mapinguary is a large, dangerous forest being described in Amazonian Indigenous and regional traditions, often associated with a strong odor, unusual anatomy or a backward-facing foot. Accounts collected during the first half of the twentieth century are usefu
Read record →Archive case record1960s; often dated to the early or mid-1960s · Yaohnanen, Tanna, New Hebrides (now Vanuatu)
The Prince Philip movement at Yaohnanen reinterpreted the British consort Prince Philip through a local prophetic and ancestral framework. Its reported ideas linked a powerful distant person with local traditions concerning a returning or absent figure, while
Read record →Archive case record1998 · Mexico
A late-twentieth-century body of Mexican folklore research on the Day of the Dead documents beliefs that deceased relatives return during designated feast days. As a research lead, the tradition is valuable because it presents boundary crossing as periodic, re
Read record →Archive case record2010s–2020s reports and folklore research · Rural Argentina, Uruguay and southern Brazil
La Luz Mala is a Southern Cone tradition concerning mysterious lights seen over rural ground, often associated with the dead, curses, or hidden remains. Some contemporary narratives personify or connect the phenomenon with humanoid figures, although the core t
Read record →Archive case record1817–1819 · Massachusetts coast
The Cape Ann reports were examined in discussions involving the Linnaean Society of New England and became part of early American attempts to classify a supposed sea serpent. The case is significant because it sits between local folklore, newspaper sensational
Read record →Archive case record1947–1969 · Kolkata and Belur Math, West Bengal, India
The Ramakrishna Math and Mission continued publishing biographies, lectures, and studies of Ramakrishna, Sarada Devi, and Vivekananda after independence. These materials discuss Ramakrishna’s Kali devotion, tantric disciplines, visionary experience, and religi
Read record →Archive case record14th-century Japanese war chronicle · Kamakura and eastern Japan
The Taiheiki includes episodes in which warriors interpret sacred signs, dreams, omens, and divine intervention during the conflicts surrounding the fall of the Kamakura shogunate. The Nitta Yoshisada material, including his famous sword offering to the sea, i
Read record →Archive case recordNovember 2004 · Off the coast of Southern California
In November 2004, personnel associated with the USS Princeton and the USS Nimitz reported unusual radar and airborne observations during training exercises off Southern California. Navy aviators described a small white “Tic Tac”-like object, and an infrared vi
Read record →Archive case record17th century, especially 1620s–1660s · Ndongo and Matamba
Accounts of Queen Njinga’s career describe shifting relations among Ndongo, Matamba, Christianity, local ritual authorities, diplomacy, and warfare. Cavazzi and other sources associate the political world around Njinga with divination, spirit mediation, ritual
Read record →Archive case recordLate twentieth-century displacement and reservoir formation · Cheongpung, Jecheon, North Chungcheong Province
The construction of Chungju Dam submerged settlements and historic sites in the Cheongpung area, producing memories of drowned homes, relocated communities, and places visible only through heritage reconstruction. Such landscapes sometimes attract stories of l
Read record →Archive case record20th century–present; reports notably publicized from the 1970s · Gippsland, Victoria
Gippsland phantom-cat reports concern alleged large black or tawny felids seen in rural Victoria and blamed for livestock attacks. They are part of Australia’s broader introduced-big-cat controversy, with explanations ranging from escaped pets and feral cats t
Read record →Archive case record1890s · Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, and other Australian cities
The Theosophical Society established branches and lecture networks in Australia during the 1890s, linking colonial readers with Blavatskyan teachings, comparative religion, occult evolution, karma, and claimed hidden masters. Branch reports, periodicals, and n
Read record →Archive case record1947–1969 · Indus civilization sites, India and Pakistan
The undeciphered Indus script remained a major research problem during 1947–1969, when proposals by scholars including G. R. Hunter, Father Henry Heras and later investigators attempted to identify its language, sign values or structural principles. The corpus
Read record →Archive case record1962–1969 · Etah district, Uttar Pradesh
Excavations at Atranjikhera, associated with the University of California and Indian archaeologists, produced sequences including Painted Grey Ware, Northern Black Polished Ware and early iron-related evidence. The site is valuable for investigating agricultur
Read record →Archive case record2022 onward · United States
After the 2022 Dobbs decision, the Satanic Temple publicized its abortion ritual and related reproductive-rights advocacy as a test of whether religious-exercise claims could protect access to abortion. The operation combines a written liturgy, an individual m
Read record →Archive case record1990–2009 popular-science controversy · Ottosdal, North West Province
Small grooved or smooth spheres from Precambrian pyrophyllite deposits near Ottosdal were promoted in fringe literature as technologically impossible objects older than humanity. Geological descriptions and museum explanations identify them as natural concreti
Read record →Archive case recordIron Age, broadly first millennium BCE; function remains debated · Xieng Khouang Plateau, Laos
The Plain of Jars comprises thousands of large stone vessels distributed across upland sites in Laos. Archaeological work associates the principal construction period with the Iron Age, although dates and regional sequences continue to be refined. Proposed fun
Read record →Archive case record2016 · International online sample
Carbonaro and colleagues analyzed reports of difficult or frightening psilocybin experiences, including perceived psychological danger, loss of control and subsequent interpretations. The study is relevant to altered states because “bad trips” can be framed as
Read record →Archive case record1555 publication; alleged 1531 encounter · Near the coast of Norway, location uncertain
Olaus Magnus’s Historia de gentibus septentrionalibus includes an illustrated “sea monk,” a humanoid marine creature shown with a tonsured head and fishlike lower body. The image became influential in later European catalogues of marine wonders and is useful f
Read record →Archive case record1950s–1969 · Kainchi, Kumaon, Uttar Pradesh
Neem Karoli Baba became associated with Kainchi and other North Indian ashrams during the period, and devotees circulated stories of instantaneous travel, impossible knowledge, healings, protection, and material interventions. The accounts are significant for
Read record →Archive case record1970–1989 · Ethiopia
Research on zar possession in Ethiopia during the target period examined spirit affliction, ritual specialists, music, bodily states and therapeutic gatherings. The zar tradition is especially relevant to altered-states comparison because possession may be bot
Read record →Archive case recordc. 3000–1500 BCE · Khadir island, Kutch, Gujarat
Dholavira, a major Indus Civilization settlement, contains extensive reservoirs, drains, channels, and carefully planned urban divisions. The remains provide a strong comparison for how an urban community adapted to seasonal rainfall, limited surface water, an
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