Archive case record1960 · Brazil
Conduta Espírita is a Brazilian Spiritist instructional work attributed to André Luiz and circulated through Francisco Cândido Xavier. Rather than narrating one extraordinary incident, it sets out expected behavior for mediums and believers who understand huma
Read record →Archive case record1902 · Edinburgh lectures; United States and Europe in comparative examples
William James’s 1902 Gifford Lectures examine conversion, mystical experience, saintliness, prayer, and religious visions through autobiographical and published sources. James’s “noetic” and “fruits” criteria offer a historically influential way to compare alt
Read record →Archive case record1975 · Oxford, England
Celia Green and Charles McCreery’s Oxford-based study examined reported apparitions and related anomalous perceptual experiences, emphasizing descriptions of experience rather than accepting supernatural interpretation. It is useful for comparing sensed-presen
Read record →Archive case record2021 · Worldwide, online sample
The Global Ayahuasca Survey gathered international self-report data on adverse effects, challenging experiences, motivations and perceived benefits of ayahuasca use. It is a named source for comparing visionary interpretations across religious, therapeutic, re
Read record →Archive case record2000s · Gold Coast and Tweed Heads, Queensland/New South Wales border
The Gold Coast–Tweed Heads corridor appears in Australian UFO reporting as a source of low-altitude lights, apparent craft, and occasional close-encounter claims during the 2000s. Its value for comparison lies in a dense, highly developed coastal environment w
Read record →Archive case recordClaimed events 1817–1821; principal written accounts published later · Adams, Robertson County, Tennessee, United States
The Bell Witch tradition centers on the Bell family of Adams, Tennessee, and claims of an oppressive supernatural presence during the period 1817–1821. The episode became widely known through nineteenth-century and later publications, especially accounts assoc
Read record →Archive case recordReports especially associated with the 1920s–1940s · Midlothian, Illinois, United States
Bachelor’s Grove Cemetery, near Chicago, became associated with reports of phantom figures, a disappearing farmhouse, a woman carrying a baby, and other unusual sights. Local legends connect the cemetery with abandoned-road settings, vandalism, and stories of
Read record →Archive case recordIndigenous/colonial tradition with nineteenth-century revival and later reconstructions · Bluffs near Alton, Illinois
The Piasa Bird is a creature tradition associated with rock imagery and oral histories near Alton, Illinois. The surviving nineteenth-century accounts, especially those connected with local antiquarian and Indigenous-history writing, describe a large composite
Read record →Archive case record2021 · Albuquerque, New Mexico
A civilian video circulated in 2021 showing a distant dark or triangular-looking object over the Albuquerque area and was presented online as possible UAP evidence. Observers proposed ordinary aircraft, balloons, or perspective effects, while the original post
Read record →Archive case record1993–2009 · Highland Towers, Taman Hillview, Hulu Kelang, Selangor
After the 1993 collapse of Highland Towers killed dozens of residents, the abandoned site became associated with reports of lights, cries, figures and unsettling experiences. It is a useful comparison case because a clearly documented physical disaster was fol
Read record →Archive case recordJanuary 2011, with claimed 2009 context · Jerusalem
Several videos circulated in 2011 purporting to show a luminous object descending over the Temple Mount and rapidly departing. They were often described as a 2009 Jerusalem UFO incident, although the publication and filming chronology is part of the controvers
Read record →Archive case recordMedieval castle; modern ghost-tour and investigation reports, including 2010 onward · Chillingham, Northumberland, England
AI-recalled discovery lead (source quality 5; corroboration 0). Chillingham Castle is a medieval fortified residence now associated with ghost tours and televised investigations. Frequently repeated accounts include the “Blue Boy,” the White Pantry ghost and a
Read record →Archive case recordNineteenth century; major surveys 1880s–1890s · Eastern and central North America
The nineteenth-century Mound Builder myth claimed that the earthworks of the eastern United States were built by a vanished non-Indigenous race rather than by ancestors of living Native peoples. Smithsonian investigators, including Cyrus Thomas, surveyed and e
Read record →Archive case record1994–1996 · Cambridge, Massachusetts, discussing Ruwa, Zimbabwe
Mack’s presentation of the Ariel School material became part of a wider controversy over whether extraordinary encounter reports should be approached clinically, culturally or literally. The lead is not a separate sighting but a traceable interpretive episode
Read record →Archive case recordMiddle and Upper Pleistocene; key DNA finds 2008 onward · Altai Mountains, Siberia
AI-recalled lead: Denisova Cave produced a finger bone, tooth, and other remains whose genomic analysis identified a previously recognized archaic human population, now called Denisovans. The lead matters for comparing fossil taxonomy, ancient DNA, admixture,
Read record →Archive case record1900–1910s scientific controversy with South Asian press reception · Observatories and newspapers across British India
Percival Lowell’s claims that linear canals on Mars indicated an intelligent civilization were widely reported internationally, including in colonial South Asian newspapers. The episode is a useful near-UFO comparison because astronomical observation, visual i
Read record →Archive case recordmedieval Japanese textual tradition; major versions before 1800 · Japan, especially Usa and Iwashimizu Hachimangū
Hachiman origin narratives explain the emergence, identity, and political significance of the deity worshipped at Usa and later Iwashimizu Hachimangū. Medieval versions connect Hachiman with Emperor Ōjin, Buddhist concepts, miracles, dreams, and shrine foundat
Read record →Archive case record1960s · Florentine Valley, Tasmania
The Florentine Valley, a remote Tasmanian forestry region, appears in accounts of alleged thylacine observations during the twentieth century, including the postwar period. It offers a concrete setting for examining how forestry workers, hunters, and travelers
Read record →Archive case record1972–1989 · Menlo Park, California, United States
Researchers Russell Targ and Harold Puthoff conducted remote-viewing experiments at Stanford Research Institute beginning in the early 1970s, later connected to U.S. military and intelligence programs such as Grill Flame and Stargate. The work is important for
Read record →Archive case record1979 · Stanford, California, United States
In 1979, physicist William A. Cox and colleagues at Stanford reported experiments in which participants allegedly influenced the movement of small objects or physical systems through intention. The work belongs to a period when parapsychology sought laboratory
Read record →Archive case recordNineteenth-century translations and commentaries · India and European Indological scholarship
The Puṣpaka, an aerial vehicle in the Rāmāyaṇa tradition, appeared in nineteenth-century translations and discussions of Indian literature. It offers a traceable example of a mythological object later recruited into ancient-astronaut and UFO narratives. The co
Read record →Archive case recordLate 1st century BCE · Caesarea Maritima, Israel
Caesarea Maritima’s harbor, built under Herod the Great, is a named case of large artificial maritime construction using hydraulic concrete and imported volcanic materials. It supports comparison of ancient breakwaters, underwater engineering, imperial logisti
Read record →Archive case record1516–1530s · Caribbean and Spanish-claimed North American waters
Peter Martyr’s De Orbe Novo collects reports from the first Spanish voyages and settlements in the Caribbean and adjacent mainland regions. Its descriptions of strange animals, transformations, and marvels are relevant to comparison with early modern aerial-cr
Read record →Archive case record6 October 1981 · Cairo, Egypt
After Anwar Sadat was assassinated during a military parade, Egyptian and wider Arab commentary included rumors, retrospective prophecies, dreams, and claims that his death had been foreseen. The episode offers a concrete setting for studying how political vio
Read record →Archive case record1990s–2000s debate · Sri Lanka
Sri Lankan naturalists and popular writers have proposed the spot-bellied eagle-owl as a biological source for the ulama’s legendary scream. The proposal became especially visible in late twentieth-century and early twenty-first-century discussions of the devi
Read record →Archive case record2010 onward · Madhya Pradesh and adjoining central India
Paleolithic research in the Narmada basin has continued through surveys, geochronology, and reassessment of stone-tool localities, building on the region’s importance for human evolution and Pleistocene environments. Named localities and fossil-bearing context
Read record →Archive case recordNineteenth-century accounts · Glamis, Angus, Scotland
Glamis Castle became associated with several ghost narratives in nineteenth-century Scotland, including the secret-room story, the Monster of Glamis tradition and apparitions linked to the castle’s history. These accounts are valuable for comparing aristocrati
Read record →Archive case record19th–20th-century oral and colonial-era accounts · Kenya and northern Tanzania
Maasai traditions about laibons, especially the prophetic figure Mbatian, have been used in oral histories and colonial writing to explain leadership, warfare, migration, drought, and relations with neighboring communities. They provide a lead for comparing pr
Read record →Archive case record1900–1930s · Adyar, Madras (Chennai), Tamil Nadu
The Theosophical Society’s Adyar headquarters was a major setting for claims involving clairvoyance, invisible adepts, psychic communication and unusual appearances. Reports circulated through Theosophical publications, lectures and biographies rather than thr
Read record →Archive case recordPuranic Sanskrit compilation; before 1800 · India
The Matsya Purana contains mythological, cosmological, genealogical, and iconographic material that includes divine animals, hybrids, and beings associated with gods. It can serve as a source lead for locating South Asian classifications of extraordinary birds
Read record →Archive case record1990–2009 · Southeastern Australia
Scholarship on Aboriginal Australian Dreaming during this period examined creation narratives, ancestral presence, ritual, land, and the continuity of past and present rather than presenting the Dreaming as a discrete paranormal incident. It offers a comparati
Read record →Archive case record1863 · Lima and Callao, Peru
Peruvian accounts surrounding the 1863 earthquake and the devotion to Nuestra Señora de la Merced provide a nineteenth-century setting for claims of Marian protection during disaster. Processions, vows and retrospective reports may connect survival, reduced da
Read record →Archive case record2006–2007 · South Shields, Tyne and Wear, England
The South Shields case concerned a family’s reports of alleged disturbances, apparitions and threatening activity in a domestic setting during the mid-2000s. It became the subject of television coverage and paranormal-investigation attention, with claims invol
Read record →Archive case record1909 · Buenos Aires, Argentina
Argentine newspapers reportedly carried accounts of a mysterious dirigible or airship over Buenos Aires during the international mystery-airship excitement of 1909. The episode is useful for comparing how urban observers interpreted unfamiliar aircraft before
Read record →Archive case record1920s–1930s · Calcutta (Kolkata)
Swami Abhedananda, a Ramakrishna-Vedanta monk who returned to India after years in the United States, wrote and lectured on the soul, reincarnation, death, and psychical phenomena. His discussions drew on Vedantic concepts while engaging Western spiritualist a
Read record →Archive case recordLate 19th century–20th century · Nandi and western Kenya
The Nandi Bear is a cluster of reports from western Kenya describing a large, bear-like or hyena-like animal, sometimes associated with the Nandi people and the term Chemosit. European settlers, hunters and administrators recorded accounts particularly during
Read record →Archive case recordSixth to ninth centuries · Rome and the Latin West
The Liber Pontificalis, a collection of papal biographies compiled and expanded over centuries, preserves references to prodigies, signs, and unusual natural events in some historical contexts. It is a useful comparison source because it shows how ecclesiastic
Read record →Archive case record1950s–1960s · Northern South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique
Lemba communities maintain distinctive initiation, food, burial, hereditary, and sacred-object traditions that attracted anthropological and historical attention during the mid-twentieth century. The lead is useful for examining how restricted ritual knowledge
Read record →Archive case record18 August 1868 · Guntur, Madras Presidency
The total solar eclipse of 18 August 1868 was observed at Guntur by astronomical expeditions and became important in the development of solar spectroscopy, including observations associated with solar prominences. Eclipse conditions can produce striking transi
Read record →Archive case record1979–1983 · St. Louis, Missouri, United States
Project Alpha was a staged demonstration in which magician James Randi arranged for two young men to deceive researchers at Washington University’s McDonnell Laboratory during the late 1970s and early 1980s. The case became a major controversy about experiment
Read record →Archive case recordRecovered 1901; generally dated c. 2nd–1st century BCE · Antikythera shipwreck, off Crete
The Antikythera Mechanism is a corroded geared device recovered from a Roman-period shipwreck and usually dated to the late Hellenistic period. Its inscriptions and reconstructed gear trains indicate sophisticated astronomical calendrical functions, including
Read record →Archive case record1980s · Kerala, India
Catholic charismatic groups in Kerala expanded during the 1980s and circulated accounts of visions of Jesus or Mary, prophetic words, healings, and deliverance at prayer meetings and retreats. The Divine Retreat Centre and diocesan renewal structures provide n
Read record →Archive case recordNineteenth-century English translation by M. A. Stein, 1900; earlier Sanskrit chronicle · Kashmir Valley
M. A. Stein’s nineteenth-century work on Kalhana’s Rajatarangini provides a key documentary route into Kashmir’s historical and legendary accounts of waters, lakes, serpents, famine, and environmental disruption. Although the chronicle is not a single flood my
Read record →Archive case recordseventeenth century · Massachusetts Bay, especially Essex County
New England witch-trial records preserve references to counter-magic, healing, fortune-telling, image magic, and protective practices alongside accusations of witchcraft. The records connected with Salem and neighboring communities can therefore be studied as
Read record →Archive case recordBuilt from 1871; later haunting reports · Otago Peninsula, Dunedin
Larnach Castle was begun in 1871 for merchant and politician William Larnach and later became associated with reports of apparitions and unusual experiences, often linked to family deaths and the building’s periods of decline. It offers a comparison between el
Read record →Archive case record1875–1878 · Ceylon, especially Colombo and Kandy
Helena Petrovna Blavatsky and Henry Steel Olcott’s visits to Ceylon generated reports about Buddhist revival, occult instruction, spiritual powers and encounters with religious authorities. The episode matters for tracing how South Asian Buddhist practices wer
Read record →Archive case recordDecember 1916 crossing; discussed in Shackleton’s 1919 account · South Georgia, Southern Ocean
During the 1916 crossing of South Georgia, Ernest Shackleton later described an impression that an additional unseen companion accompanied the party, an experience also associated with Frank Worsley and Tom Crean in later discussion. The episode became a promi
Read record →Archive case recordBroad process, approximately second millennium BCE to second millennium CE · Central, eastern and southern Africa
The Bantu expansion refers to the spread of related languages and associated communities across much of central, eastern and southern Africa. Archaeologists, linguists and geneticists have debated whether it was a rapid migration, a series of movements, langua
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