Te Ua Haumēne’s founding vision of Pai Mārire

Record summary

Te Ua Haumēne founded Pai Mārire during the New Zealand Wars after reporting a revelatory encounter involving the archangel Gabriel, usually dated to the early 1860s. The movement developed a distinctive liturgy, the niu pole, biblical imagery, and promises of Māori autonomy and divine protection. It is central for comparison with apocalyptic journeys because a personal revelation became a transregional religious and political movement. The nature of Te Ua’s experience, the movement’s early teachings, and the relationship between peaceful and militant forms remain disputed in colonial records and later scholarship.