Franek Kluski’s Wax-Mould Séances

Record summary

The Polish medium Franek Kluski, identified in some literature as Teofil Modrzejewski, was associated with séances in which investigators reported luminous phenomena and wax moulds allegedly formed by spirit hands. The moulds became physical artefacts used to support claims of materialization and are relevant to comparisons among séance technology, evidential objects, and fraud detection. Investigators differed in their controls, and darkness, assistants, and preparation of materials remain major concerns. Museum or private holdings and publication histories should be established before relying on reproductions.