Ngandong Homo erectus chronology

Record summary

A multidisciplinary study dated the Ngandong Homo erectus fossil beds and associated deposits, proposing that the last known Javanese Homo erectus survived until roughly the late Middle Pleistocene. The result matters for comparing regional persistence, environmental change and possible overlap with later hominin dispersals in Southeast Asia. The chronology relies on complex river-terrace and uranium-series methods, while the fossils’ precise depositional histories remain debated. The evidence does not demonstrate contact with modern humans, whose arrival chronology on Java is itself under continuing study.