The Dissociative Effects of Ketamine and Their Relationship to Consciousness

Record summary

Yale and other North American laboratories have used ketamine to model dissociation, depersonalization, altered selfhood, and disruptions of conscious integration. Specific experiments can be compared with out-of-body reports and psi narratives because they manipulate bodily ownership and agency under controlled conditions. The research concerns pharmacological mechanisms and subjective phenomenology, not evidence that consciousness leaves the body. A researcher should locate the exact Yale paper, dose, imaging method, and comparison condition because the literature includes several related paradigms and medications.