Babylonian astronomical diaries and systematic sky records

Record summary

The publication and study of Babylonian astronomical diaries continued through this period, especially in editions by Abraham Sachs and Hermann Hunger. These cuneiform records combine observations of the Moon, planets, stars, weather, river levels, market prices and political events, often with schematic or standardized language. They matter because they show long-term empirical recording and the interaction of astronomy, administration and omen practice. Difficulties include fragmentary tablets, uncertain readings, retrospective copying and the distinction between observation and interpretation.