Ganzfeld telepathy experiments and the 1983 Honorton–Marks debate

Record summary

Ganzfeld studies placed a receiver in uniform sensory-reduction conditions while a sender attempted to transmit a target image or film. Charles Honorton and colleagues reported above-chance results, while C. E. M. Hansel and others identified possible methodological weaknesses. The 1983 exchange between Honorton and Ray Hyman became a landmark dispute over randomization, sensory leakage, optional stopping and replication standards. Later automated autoganzfeld work attempted tighter controls, but disagreements about analysis and evidential thresholds continued. This lead is useful for comparing altered sensory conditions with claims of telepathy.