Research sourcePublished 1900
The phenomena now associated with modern Spiritualism, with their characteristic milieu, breed the typical atmosphere of the séance chamber, which resists precise analysis, but which in its extreme form involves morbid credulity, blind prepossession, and emoti
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
wane in the popularity of Spiritualism may be due in part to frequent exposures, in part to the passing of the occult interest to pastures new, and in part to other and less accessible causes
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
In so far as these occult mariners, the astrologists and phrenologists et id genus omne, are sincere, and in so far represent superstition rather than commercial fraud, they simply ignore, through obstinacy or ignorance, the lighthouses and charts and the othe
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
Far-fetched analogy, baseless assertion, the uncritical assimilation of popular superstitions, a great deal of prophecy after the event (it is wonderful how clearly the astrologer finds the indications of Napoleon's career in his horoscope, or the phrenologist
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
For any person for whom logic and evidence are something more real than ghosts or myths, the feat must always be relegated to the airy realm of the imagination, and must not be brought in contact with earthly realities
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
d be unjust to group together such various systems, which in the nature of things must include sinner and saint, the misguided sincere, the half-believers who think "there may be something in it," or "that it is worth a trial," along with scheming quacks and a
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
This truth has been recognized and utilized in unobtrusive ways for many generations, and within recent years has received substantial elaboration from carefully conducted experiments and observations
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
Among the more tangible tendencies that in various ways lead to the occult there is distinguishable what may be termed the intensely personal temperament,--the mental attitude that absorbs knowledge only when dissolved in an all-pervading personal medium; the
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
In both these movements the assimilation of a religious trend has been of inestimable importance to their dissemination
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
he society involved a systematic investigation of "that large group of debatable phenomena designated by such terms as mesmeric, psychical, and Spiritualistic." "From the recorded testimony of many competent witnesses," it is urged, "there appears to be, amids
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
It is a protest against the view that for the comprehension of such processes as sensation and perception a course in Psychology may be useful, but that telepathy may be established by any moderately intelligent but not specially informed percipient and agent;
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
Apparitions and presentiments are interpreted as mystic symbols of the order of events, which cast their shadows before or coincidently with them
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
As soon as he succeeds in finding a consistent and commonplace explanation for a group of phenomena, his main curiosity is satisfied, and he takes to pastures new
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
The first is satisfied with finding out how alleged marvels are really performed; it takes up the physical phenomena of spiritualism or theosophy; it investigates conjuring tricks; it discovers the origin of noises in haunted houses; it ferrets out the means w
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
when clearly exhibited, explains the trick; a loose board under the roof, or the reflection from a lustrous surface, may at once reveal how mysterious noises and lights were really produced
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
Andrew Lang's volume, "Cock Lane and Common Sense." Mr
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
Between savage priest and doctor, and Delphic oracle, and mediæval ascetic, and magnetic somnambule, and inspirational medium, there is an irregular connection in their entrance into a trance-like condition involving a readjustment of the strata of consciousne
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
I should advise him, however, to go along for the sake of the excellent illustrations thus obtainable of the effects of unconscious suggestion
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
tween one hypnotic condition and the next, bridging over a period of normal consciousness with complete forgetfulness of the hypnotic consciousness; the still more subtle evidence for the latency of impressions thus revivable by an appeal to the subconscious;
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
The place which the explanation of spiritualistic and theosophic manifestations occupies in Psychical Research has already been noted; that of ghosts and rappings and haunted houses and poltergeists is quite similar
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
We here naturally approach what has, on the whole, formed the most conspicuous problem of Psychical Research--that associated with the term "telepathy." It will contribute to clearness of distinction to consider separately the question, whether the evidence ac
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
to the discerning student, and merits an extended demonstration
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
The optimistic psychologist anticipates the day when he will no longer be regarded, either in high life or in low life, as a collector of ghost stories or an investigator of mediums
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
One of the most deplorable attitudes towards the borderland phenomena of which mental telegraphy or telepathy forms a type, is that which insists upon an exact and detailed explanation of concrete personal experiences, and regards these as so essentially pecul
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
It becomes important in the further consideration of coincidences to emphasize the great opportunity presented in their description for error, for defective observation, for neglect of details, for exaggeration of the degree of correspondence; and equally demo
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
The frequent coincidences, which form so influential a factor in disseminating an inclination towards such an hypothesis as telepathy, are doubtless largely the result of an interest in these experiences
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
We find a misconception of the nature of the application of the doctrine of chances to mental coincidences, which brings about an apparent recognition but an intrinsic belittling of the rôle which chance really plays in the evidence advanced for telepathy; we
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
Nor do I consider that the experimental data have seriously modified the logical status of the problem as a whole; nor that they have, except in relatively few cases, been of themselves sufficient to make converts to a belief in telepathy
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
But I am aware that I may have laid myself open to the charge--which will be brought not by the advocates of telepathy, but by its most emphatic opponents--of a neglect of consideration of the general logical status of telepathy as a germane and legitimate hyp
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
sis and its logical insufficiencies as a means of influencing those who had been, or were likely to be, impressed by coincidences and death-warning experiences and guessing experiments
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
What is the logical conclusion to be drawn from the data offerable in evidence of some supersensory form of thought-transference, and whence the disposition to believe in the existence of such a procedure?--these remain the central questions of the discussion
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
As to the natural tendency to believe in telepathy, it may be regarded as part of the anthropocentric and egocentric view of the universe and its happenings, and as an exemplification of the persistence of the mystical view of mundane events,--both of which ar
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
The simplest type of a deception occurs when an inference or an interpretation of this type, owing to an unusual disposition of external circumstances, leads to a conclusion which other and presumably superior testimony shows to be false
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
The limitations of our senses lead directly to the possibilities of their deception, which may in turn be realized inadvertently or utilized intentionally
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
It has even been suggested[3] that the mimicry and death-feigning instincts of animals, though essentially biological in type, are yet related to the psychological instincts of deception which make their first clear appearance in the higher animals and assume
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
As our present purpose is to investigate the nature of real deception, of the formation of false beliefs which may in turn lead to unwise action, it will be well to note that even such elementary forms of sense-deceptions as those just noted may fall under thi
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
Deception becomes real according to the skill with which the conditions of reality are imitated
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
The more closely the conditions that lead to correct inferences in ordinary experiences are imitated, the more successful will be the illusion; and a useful principle of conjuring illusions is to first actually do that which you afterward wish the audience to
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
As we turn from the objective to the subjective conditions of deception, we enter the true domain of psychology; for the most scientific deceiver is he who employs least external aids, and counts most upon his power of captivating the intellect
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
The naturalist sees what the stroller entirely overlooks; the sailor detects a ship in the distant horizon where the landsman sees nothing; and this is not because the naturalist and the sailor have keener vision, but because they know what to look for
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
Accordingly, the conjurer succeeds in his deception by creating an interest in some unimportant detail, while he is performing the real trick before our eyes without our noticing it
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
the best of these proceeds by collecting some eight or nine questions prepared by as many persons in the audience, then placing them in a hat, drawing out one at random, and finding the answer to the question thus selected written on the inside surfaces of a p
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
There is, however, one important factor lacking in the conjurer's performance to illustrate completely the psychology of deception; it is that the mental attitude of the observer is too definite
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
The first general principle to be borne in mind is that the medium performs to spectators in doubt as to the interpretation to be placed upon what they see, or more or less prepared or determined to see in everything the evidence of the supernatural
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
The chief interest in such performances is the historical one, for these have done perhaps more than anything else to convince believers of the truth of Spiritualism
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
Passing next to the most interesting of spiritualistic manifestations, those in which self-deception comes to the foreground, I need hardly dwell at length upon the tilting of tables, the production of raps by movements of which the sitters are unconscious; fo
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
Not only that he overlooks natural physical explanations, but he is led to create marvels by the very ardor of his sincerity
Read record →Research sourcePublished 1900
thought and action, enters a spiritualistic circle, where he is constantly surrounded by confident believers, all eager to have him share their sacred visions and profound revelations, where the atmosphere is replete with miracles, and every chair and table ma
Read record →